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Keith Devens .com

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Daily link icon Wednesday, May 8, 2002

Disenchanted: Ghosts of Xanadu. Disenchanted is possibly the first site to implement inter-site backlinks. That's as opposed to intra-site backlinks, available in Wikis for a long time. The idea of inter-site backlinks has recently become fairly popular, and has been implemented by a few other sites as well.

Backlinking crudely approximates the two-way linking feature of an early hypertext system invented by Ted Nelson called Xanadu. Nelson coined the term Hypertext—the linking of information and a system for viewing it—in 1963 ... but his project was hampered by the technology of the time as well as Nelson's noble flaw: a passion for maximum efficiency and correctness. Nelson spent most of his life developing an impressively overengineered system that would have been perfect if only his team had the strength to complete it, and Xanadu's glory was stolen from under its feet by a much quicker and dirtier system invented by Tim Berners-Lee in the late 1980s: the World Wide Web. (Ted's rather bitter about this, understandably.)

The web spread at the expense of Xanadu because of disintermediation: Xanadu required a central server to manage the entire hypertext universe, while Berners-Lee's system was far more democratic. One didn't need permission to build a Web server and put it online, and once it had an electronic address on the network then anybody could link to its contents. It was cheaper, it was easier, but more importantly you didn't have to go through official channels. Nelson, on the other hand, was obsessed with enforcing attribution, copyright and credit, so every third party useage of information would be documented, credited, linked back to its source, and maybe even a royalty charge added to the user's bill. Noble? Maybe, but also baroque.

Cheap and democratic as it was, Berners-Lee's Web didn't have half the features Xanadu promised to, and two-way linking was one of them. Without a central server it couldn't be enforced, and to make authorship of pages as simple as possible—given the state of the art at the time—it had to be left out along with automatic attribution, micropayments, copyright management, unbreakable links, and most of Nelson's other ideas. But ten years later, a ghost of Xanadu is being recreated in the same style as the Web itself: quick, dirty, and cheap. Like Xanadu, it could have interesting implications for the way we structure knowledge.

Weird, I tried testing his automatic backlinks and a link back to my post didn't show up. I made a point of visiting the article from the permanent link to my entry ("http://www.keithdevens.com/weblog/?id1963"), but no backlink showed up. I later visited from my homepage and a link showed up (but by that time I was no longer the first link Smiley), so I assume my permalink was excluded because it looks like a query rather than a permanent page?

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Comments XML gif

l.m.orchard (http://www.decafbad.com) wrote:

Well, like I <a href="http://www.decafbad.com/news_archives/000142.shtml">mentioned over here</a>, Disenchanted publishes their links back manually. They're automatically discovered, but they check them out in person. So, the links back won't appear until someone over there actually notices it and approves it for publishing. This lets them knock out duplicates and comment on things. My linkback scripts just blindly show referral links

∴ l.m.orchard | 8-May-2002 7:37am est | http://www.decafbad.com | #374

Chris Wenham (http://www.disenchanted.com) wrote:

It is automatic, but it waits for two unique visitors to come in. It solved a problem I had with phony referrers, search engine hits, and Web Email clicks.

When I arrived this morning and took a look a the page there was a link to your site there, with 4 inbound visits already recorded. I'm guessing it probably appeared some time this morning.

Phony referrers can be fun. Last year Dave Winer linked to an article of mine, and one of his anti-fans figured out that if they visited "http://www.scripting.com/?dave_winer_is_a_fricking_idiot" and followed the link, then it'd appear on my page.

∴ Chris Wenham | 8-May-2002 10:27am est | http://www.disenchanted.com | #375

l.m.orchard (http://www.decafbad.com) wrote:

Ah hah. That answers a few questions for me too. Completely manual referrers would seem like a PITA to me Smiley

∴ l.m.orchard | 8-May-2002 10:52am est | http://www.decafbad.com | #376

Chris Wenham (http://www.disenchanted.com) wrote:

I understand some people are writing systems that will fetch the linking page automatically to verify the link and perhaps also nab the page's title. I think this is a good idea.

By far the largest maintenance problem I have is the fact that URLs are rarely unique. http://www.foo.com is the same as http://www.foo.com/ is the same as http://foo.com/index.html is the same as http://www.foo.com/index.html?session_id=2893472. Then there are sites that have query-driven display systems, so a link will appear on a "week at a glance" display as well as the page for a specific posting.

A mature system would have a mix of atomated URL canonicalization and aliasing. I've got the aliasing part down already at two levels (URL and link), but all my programming energy is currently directed at a re-build of the site in AxKit, so other improvements won't come until that part's done.

Incidentally, as part of switching to AxKit -- an XML pipelining system -- I'm contemplating other Xanaduish features. "Transclusion" is possible with XPath, for example. That's where a document can be quoted without cutting-and-pasting the text itself; you insert an address for a span of text instead, and that text is retrieved from the original document as the quoting page is viewed. That way, changes to the original affect all derivatives, and a pathway back to the source of the material can be discovered from anywhere down a chain of transclusions. (Imagine using that in a flamewar).

XPath might also make it possible to do an even finer granularization of backlinks. My site can stick a link at the end of invidivual paragraphs that will take a reader back to a referrer (actually, open up a hovering DIV with the list in it), but with XPath you could identify a word or a sentence.

Xanadu -- the longest ever running vaporware project in computer science history -- may be just around the corner. Again :-)

∴ Chris Wenham | 8-May-2002 1:14pm est | http://www.disenchanted.com | #377

Chris Wenham (http://www.disenchanted.com) wrote:

Ooer, funky autoformatting. Those overstrikes are supposed to be emdashes.

∴ Chris Wenham | 8-May-2002 1:15pm est | http://www.disenchanted.com | #378

Keith (http://www.keithdevens.com/) wrote:

Fixed the formatting. If the "" is next to a word character, it's supposed to be a strikeout. If you put a space around it it's fine. Although I thought my formatter makes it have a space before the "" for it to be a strikeout. I'll have to check my regex.

Keith | 8-May-2002 1:34pm est | http://www.keithdevens.com/ | #379

Andyed (http://surfmind.com) wrote:

I like the suggestion to require two travels as a way to exclude things like email apps. I'll have to wrap that into my CF referrer system.

Transclusion can also be simulated with inline frames. Check out the inline preview at http://surfmind.com/?q=transclusion (on the right side of search results, the "inline" links)

That implementation cheats a bit but I've got a DOM only version in the works.

∴ Andyed | 10-May-2002 1:54pm est | http://surfmind.com | #381

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